定语从句是初中生学习语法知识时所遇到的一个新的难点,尤其是关系代词引导的定语从句,也是近几年来中考考点之一。尽管分值不大,但也不可忽视。本文通过对关系代词引导的定语从句的考点透析,以期对学生们有所帮助和启发。 定语从句考点透析 ——关系代词引导的定语从句 本文作者刘健(QQ:1213411632)声明:版权所有,请勿转载或制作其他出版物。
[知识检测] 1. All the children like the teachers _______can understand them. (长春市) A. who B. which C. what D. whom 2. The man _______ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist. (广东省) A. who B. whose C. which D. whom 3. Do you know the girl ________ is sitting behind Nancy? (河北省) A. what B. which C. who D. whom 4. The doctor ______you met yesterday is a friend of mine. A. which B. what C. when D. / 5. She lives in a house ______ windows face a beautiful lake. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 6. Mary is the girl ______ father is our English teacher. A. whom B. whose C. who D. that 7. ---Have you found the information about famous people _______ you can use for report? ---Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet. (江西省) A. which B. who C. what D. whom 8. This is _______ I wanted. (天津市) A. the one what B. which C. one which D. the one 9. ---Barbara, where do you work? (河南省) --- I work for a company _______sells cars. A. which B. where C. what D. who 10. Do you like music _______ makes you excited? (辽宁省十二市) A. that B. what C. who D. it 11. The boy _______ I talked with just now is my best friend. (桂林市) A. which B. that C. whose D. where 12. This is one of the books which _______written by Lu Xun. A. am B. is C. was D. were 13. Is there anything ______I can do for you? A. what B. which C. that D. this 14. This is the first place ________ we visited last year. A. where B. that C. which D. what 15. This is the best film _______ I’ve ever seen. A. that B. which C. what D. it 16. This is the very book ________ I am looking for. A. it B. which C. this D. that 17. They talked about things and persons ________ they remembered at school. A. who B. that C. whom D. which 18. Who is the man _______is working there? A. that B. who C. whom D. which 19. He takes a walk every day, ______ is good for his health. A. when B. it C. which D. that 20. The hotel at______ we stayed was very small. A. where B. what C. that D. which [答案] 1-5 AACDC 6-10 BADAA 11-15 BDCBA 16-20 DBACD [知识讲解 [透析一定语从句的概念和用法 [归纳在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如: A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 飞机是一种会飞的机器。 The boy who/that broke the window is called Mike. 打破窗户的那个男孩叫迈克。 The man (whom/who/that) I met in the street is my teacher. 我在街上见到的那个男子是我的老师。 上面三句中的machine, boy, man是定语从句所修饰的词,叫做 “先行词”。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)等和关系副词where, when, why。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句担任句子成分。本单元主要讲一讲关系代词引导的定语从句 。 1. who, 指人,在从句中作主语。如第1-3题中先行词分别是 “老师” 、“男子” 和“女孩”,指的是人,故答案分别是A, A和C。 2. whom, 指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略。如第4题答案为D。 3. whose, 通常指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。如:5C, 6B。 4. which, 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,常可省略。如7A, 8D, 9A。 5. that, 指人或物, 在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,常可省略。如10A,11B。 [透析二] 定语从句的主谓一致 [归纳关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,不能省略,从句中的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。 注意当 “one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时,从句的动词通常用复数形式。如12题的先行词为books,故答案应为D。本句的意思为 “这是鲁迅所写的书中的一本。” 但当one前有the(only), the(very)等修饰时,从句的谓语动词要用单数。如: She is the only one of the girls who has learned French. 她是这些女孩中唯一一个学习法语的。 [透析三只能用that的情况 [归纳在下列情况下只能用that 1. 当先行词是all, none, one, any, few, little, much, everything, nothing, anything不定代词等时。如第13题,“有什么我可以为你做的吗?”, 故答案应为C。 2. 当先行词被序数词所修饰时。如第14题,“这就是去年我首先参观的地方”, 故答案应为B。 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级所修饰时。如第15题,“这就是我看过的最好的一部电影”, 故答案应为A。 4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, any, every所修饰时。如第16题,“这正是我在寻找的那本书”,故答案应为D。 5. 当先行词既指人又指物时。如第17题, “他们谈到他们在校时的人和事。”故答案应为B。 6. 当先行词是疑问词who, what, which时。如第18题, “在那儿工作的人是谁?” 故答案应为A。 [透析四] 只能用which不能用that的情况 [归纳在下列情况下只能用which不能用that 1. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时。如第19题, “他每天散步,这对他有好处。”故答案应为C。 2. 当先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置时。即用 “介词+which”形式。如第20题, “我们住的饭店很小。” 故答案应为 D。 |