定语从句考点透析——关系代词引导的定语从句
定语从句是初中生学习语法知识时所遇到的一个新的难点，尤其是关系代词引导的定语从句，也是近几年来中考考点之一。尽管分值不大，但也不可忽视。本文通过对关系代词引导的定语从句的考点透析，以期对学生们有所帮助和启发。 定语从句考点透析 ——关系代词引导的定语从句本文作者刘健（QQ：1213411632）声明：版权所有，请勿转载或制作其他出版物。[知识检测] 1. All the children like the teachers _______can understand them. （长春市) A. who B. which C. what D. whom2. The man _______ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist. (广东省)A. who B. whose C. which D. whom3. Do you know the girl ________ is sitting behind Nancy? (河北省)A. what B. which C. who D. whom4. The doctor ______you met yesterday is a friend of mine.A. which B. what C. when D. /5. She lives in a house ______ windows face a beautiful lake.A. who B. whom C. whose D. which6. Mary is the girl ______ father is our English teacher.A. whom B. whose C. who D. that7. ---Have you found the information about famous people _______ you can use for report?---Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet. (江西省)A. which B. who C. what D. whom8. This is _______ I wanted.(天津市)A. the one what B. which C. one which D. the one 9. ---Barbara, where do you work? (河南省)--- I work for a company _______sells cars. A. which B. where C. what D. who10. Do you like music _______ makes you excited? (辽宁省十二市)A. that B. what C. who D. it11.The boy _______ I talked with just now is my best friend. (桂林市)A. which B. that C. whose D. where12.This is one of the books which _______written by Lu Xun.A. am B. is C. was D. were13. Is there anything ______I can do for you?A. what B. which C. that D. this14.This is the first place ________ we visited last year.A. where B. that C. which D. what15.This is the best film _______ I’ve ever seen.A. that B. which C. what D. it16.This is the very book ________ I am looking for.A. it B. which C. this D. that17.They talked about things and persons ________ they remembered at school.A. who B. that C. whom D. which18.Who is the man _______is working there?A. that B. who C. whom D. which19.He takes a walk every day,______ is good for his health.A. when B. it C. which D. that20.The hotel at______ we stayed was very small.A. where B. what C. that D. which[答案] 1-5 AACDC 6-10 BADAA 11-15 BDCBA 16-20 DBACD [知识讲解[透析一定语从句的概念和用法[归纳在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：A plane is a machine that/which can fly.飞机是一种会飞的机器。The boy who/that broke the window is called Mike.打破窗户的那个男孩叫迈克。The man (whom/who/that) I met in the street is my teacher.我在街上见到的那个男子是我的老师。上面三句中的machine, boy, man是定语从句所修饰的词，叫做 “先行词”。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)等和关系副词where, when, why。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句担任句子成分。本单元主要讲一讲关系代词引导的定语从句。1. who, 指人，在从句中作主语。如第1-3题中先行词分别是 “老师” 、“男子” 和“女孩”，指的是人，故答案分别是A, A和C。2. whom, 指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略。如第4题答案为D。3. whose, 通常指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。如：5C, 6B。4. which, 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。如7A, 8D, 9A。5. that, 指人或物, 在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。如10A，11B。[透析二] 定语从句的主谓一致[归纳关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不能省略，从句中的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。 注意当 “one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，从句的动词通常用复数形式。如12题的先行词为books，故答案应为D。本句的意思为 “这是鲁迅所写的书中的一本。” 但当one前有the(only), the(very)等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。如：She is the only one of the girls who has learned French.她是这些女孩中唯一一个学习法语的。[透析三只能用that的情况[归纳在下列情况下只能用that1. 当先行词是all, none, one, any, few, little, much, everything, nothing, anything不定代词等时。如第13题，“有什么我可以为你做的吗?”, 故答案应为C。2. 当先行词被序数词所修饰时。如第14题，“这就是去年我首先参观的地方”, 故答案应为B。3. 当先行词被形容词最高级所修饰时。如第15题，“这就是我看过的最好的一部电影”, 故答案应为A。4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, any, every所修饰时。如第16题，“这正是我在寻找的那本书”，故答案应为D。5. 当先行词既指人又指物时。如第17题， “他们谈到他们在校时的人和事。”故答案应为B。6. 当先行词是疑问词who, what, which时。如第18题， “在那儿工作的人是谁?” 故答案应为A。[透析四] 只能用which不能用that的情况[归纳在下列情况下只能用which不能用that1. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时。如第19题， “他每天散步，这对他有好处。”故答案应为C。2. 当先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置时。即用 “介词+which”形式。如第20题， “我们住的饭店很小。” 故答案应为 D。 刘老师很喜欢讲课啊！
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