make+宾语+宾语补足语 ——兼谈使役动词的用法
make在中学英语中是一个出现频率较高的词，它既可以构成很多短语动词和习惯用语，又可以构成多种句型结构，同时，也是中考考点之一。因此，学习、总结和掌握它的用法是十分必要的。今天就和同学们一起谈谈它作为使役动词时的几种用法。 make+宾语+宾语补足语 ——兼谈使役动词的用法(原载《英语考试与评价》，作者 刘健版权所有，请勿转载或制作其他出版物。) [知识检测] A. 选择最佳答案：1. We all love Miss Yang. She always makes her history class very________. (重庆市)A. interest B. interests C. interesting D. interested 2. Li Lei’s words made her _______. (济南市)A. happily B. angrily C. crying D. angry 3. He _______her his wife.A. married B. found C. made D. chose 4.——How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?——It makes me _______ very proud.(黄冈市)A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel 5. Please let the young man _______ a second time. (济南市)A. try B. does C. to try D. to do 6. My father got me________ his car for him yesterday.A. wash B. to wash C. washing D. washed 7. I’m sorry to have kept you ________for so long.A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. were waiting 8. Mr Smith wants to have his hair ______.(甘肃省)A. cut B. cutting C. to cut D. cuts 9. ——Why are you late?——My bike broken down. I had it ________.(深圳市)A. repaired B. repairs C. repair D. repairing10. ——Many teenagers are made ________what they’re not ________.——I agree. (呼和浩特市)A. to do; interested B. to do; interested inC. do; interested D. doing; interested in B. 汉译英：11. 吃得太多使他病了。Too much food made_________________.12. 上星期日我们推选他当了队长。We ______________our team leader last Sunday. 13. 你是如何使你的父亲戒烟的？How did you make your father ________________?14. 她的老师一直让她站在那里。Her teacher made ______________ there all the time. 15. 噪音是如此吵闹，别人不能听见刘先生说的话。There was so much noise that Mr Liu could not make _______________.16. 工人们被迫每天干活十二小时。The workers were made_________________ twelve hours a day.[答案] 1-5 CDCDA 6-10 BCAAB11. him, ill 12. made, him13. stop, smoking 14. her, standing15. himself, heard 16. to ,work [知识讲解][点击一] 使役动词和复合宾语[归纳] 英语中有些动词常用来表示 “让……，使……，强制……”的意思，这类动词我们称为使役动词，常见的使役动词有make, have, get, let, keep等。使役动词后加了宾语后，可用形容词、名词、动词不定式、分词等充当宾语补足语，来补充说明其宾语的成分。我们可以将宾语和宾语补足语合称为 “复合宾语”。例如：The bad news made her sad.这个不幸的消息使她悲伤。My parents want to make me a teacher.我的父母想要我成为一名教师。You must get them to come over here.你得想法让他们到这儿来。Don’t keep her standing in the rain.别让她在雨中站着。I’m going to have my hair cut tomorrow.我明天将去理发。Will you let me use your bike?你让我用你的自行车吗？[点击二] make+宾语+宾语补足语[归纳] “make+宾语+宾语补足语”有以下几种形式：1. make+宾语+形容词这种结构的意思为 “使……处于某种状态”。 此处的形容词一般表示人的感受或情绪。例如：The color “red” makes people warm and “blue” makes people cool.红色使人感到温暖，而兰色使人感到凉爽。如题1中的interesting(修饰物)和题2中的angry都是形容词，故答案分别选C和D。又如题11也属此类。2. make+宾语+名词这种结构的意思为 “使或让某人成为……”或“使……当……”。注意宾语一般是人。They made me monitor.他们选我当班长。 如题3 意思是 “他娶她为妻。” 故答案选C。又如题12也属此类。3. make+宾语+不带to的动词不定式 这种结构的意思为 “迫使或强制某人做某事”，后接不带 to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。宾语与宾语补足语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。如题4D和题13。例如：You can’t make us go if we don’t want to.如果我们不想走，你就不能让我们走。[拓展]在此结构中，除了make之外，使役动词have, let后也接不带 to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如题5A。但使役动词get后接带 to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如题6B。keep一般不跟带动词不定式的复合结构。4. make+宾语+现在分词这种结构的意思为 “使或让某人一直处于某种状态”，宾语补足语表示动作正在发生或进行。宾语与宾语补足语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。如题7C和题14。例如：They made the guests waiting for hours there.他们让客人在那里等了好几个小时。5. make+宾语+过去分词 这种结构的意思为 “使或让别人做某事”，宾语补足语与宾语存在逻辑上的动宾关系。如题15。例如：You should make your views known.你应该让别人了解你的观点。[拓展] 1. 在使役动词have, get后面作宾语补足语，经常表示“请别人做某事”或“安排某人做某事”。如题8A、9A。例如：Mike had the house repaired yesterday afternoon.迈克昨天下午请人修房屋。Why don’t you get your car washed?你为什么不叫人清洗你的小汽车呢？2. 在此结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语和该句的主语若指的是同一人时，宾语一般要用与主语一致的反身代词。如题15。I speak slowly to make myself understood.我说得慢，以便使人人都能听懂我的话。[点击三] 使役动词的被动语态[归纳] 在以动词不定式作宾语补足语的复合结构中，使役动词的被动语态应注意的几种情况：1. make可使用于被动语态结构中，其结构为“ be made to+动词原形”。 如题10B和题16。例如：Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.尽管过去他经常把他的小妹妹弄哭，但是今天他却被他的小妹妹弄哭了。2. let可用于被动语态结构，其后不定式可带to，也可不带to。但这种结构很少使用。例如：He was not let (to) smoke by his father.他的父亲不允许他吸烟。3. have 和get无被动语态结构。刘老师水平很高。 这是什么情况
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